WHAT IS IT?

NRG1 (Naphyrone) is a stimulant, produced using a chemical called Pyrovalerone, an illegal Class C drug, developed in the 1960s as an appetite suppressant and to combat fatigue. Pyrovalerone has been chemically altered to produce Naphyrone.

WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?

Fine white powder, with a slight tendency to clump.

HOW IS IT USED?

NRG1 can be snorted through the nose but it is safer to wrap it in a cigarette paper and swallow it (bombed). This will help avoid any potential damage to the nose.

LEGAL STATUS

Since July, 2010, NRG1 (Naphyrone) and other related compounds have been illegal, class B drugs.

Possession: 5 years imprisonment, a fine, or both.

Supply: 14 years imprisonment, a fine or both.

EFFECTS

• Increased heart rate, raised blood pressure.
• Increased attention & awareness, alertness, decreased appetite.
• The effects are very body-centred rather than giving you a mental ‘high’.

RISKS

• As yet unclear. No toxicity data available.
• Abrupt cessation from heavy use of Naphyrone causes a withdrawal syndrome, with feelings of anxiety and depression.
• Batches of NRG1 have been found to contain MDPV and other chemicals, so you may not be taking what you think you are. This can lead to effects you were not expecting or overdose.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS

Unknown.

REDUCE THE RISKS

• DON’T TAKE IT. NO RISKS, GUARANTEED!

But if you are still going to use NRG1 the following tips will help you reduce some of the risks.

• START START LOW AND SLOW

Take a small amount and wait. Don’t take more because you can’t feel anything happening after half an hour or so. Yes, it could be some blag white powder, or even a completely different substance, but how do you know? Give it time to start. Taking too much too soon could put you on a bad one. Learn to recognise, and handle, the effects.

• SET LIMITS

Decide how much you are going to need and try and stick to it. Only carry what you are going to use. The less you take the lower the risks.

• DON’T DRINK ALCOHOL

Using stimulants will dehydrate you and can cause you to overheat. This is very dangerous. Mixing them with alcohol will dehydrate you even further, particularly if you are bouncing up and down all night. Drink water or soft drinks and the occasional isotonic sports drinks which contains sugar and salt. Drink about a pint of fluid an hour, but don’t overdo it. Take regular breaks to cool down.

• DON’T SNORT IT

Swallowing a capsule or tablet, or powder wrapped in a cigarette paper will avoid damaging your nose.

• LOOK AFTER YOUR NOSE

If you do snort, flush your nose with clean water, and make sure you use your own straw or note. Don’t share them with anyone else, they could have all kinds of germs on them.

• WATCH OUT FOR EACH OTHER

Don’t use NRG1 on your own. It is always safer to have someone else around, and tell your mates what you have taken.

• IF YOU START TO FEEL UNWELL

If you start to feel unwell go to the chill-out area and take a break, maybe sip some water. Take someone with you who can keep an eye on you. If you start to feel worse, getting dizzy, very hot dry skin, or a racing heart, get medical attention immediately and tell them what you have taken. If you are with someone who has taken the knock and you have to leave them alone to go and get help, put them in the recovery position first.

You can buy printed versions of this information in the Substance shop

Go to shop

METHOXETAMINE - AKA: Mexxy, MXE, MKet

A drug that has similar effects to that of ketamine. It was produced as a legal alternative, until it was made illegal in February 2013. (see below)

WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?

Usually in white powder form, but may be found in tablets.

HOW IS IT USED?

Some people snort it, but this is painful and damaging to the nose. It is safer to wrap it in a cigarette paper and swallow it (bombed, parachuted), or put it in a drink and swallow it.

THE LAW

Mexxy has been a class B since February 2013. It is illegal to possess, supply or produce. Possession of mexxy, or products containing mexxy, could get you up to 5 years in jail and a fine. Supplying (even giving it away) gets up to 14 years in jail and a fine.

EFFECTS

Methoxetamine is an anaesthetic with painkilling and hallucinogenic properties similar to Ketamine. It is what is known as a ‘dissociative anaesthetic’, which numbs the body, and creates the effect of removing users from their sense of reality.

The effects depend on the amount used but are also influenced by the user’s mood and environment.

Small amounts can cause feelings of euphoria and stimulation. At higher doses it can make you feel floaty and disconnected from reality. At larger doses it can bring on confusion, hallucinations, paralysis and out-of-body experiences.

The effects can be inconsistent, and vary from session to session and person to person.

RISKS

Confusion and loss of spatial awareness can lead to accidents and serious injury without realising you’ve been hurt. High doses can cause breathing problems, unconsciousness or heart failure. Methoxetamine is extremely dangerous when mixed with other drugs or alcohol.

There also appears to be significant additional toxicity that causes agitation, tachycardia (racing heart), hypertension (high blood pressure) and ataxia (unsteadiness on the feet).

These are rarely seen with other recreational drugs and are not seen with acute ketamine toxicity.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS

Not yet fully understood. However, users report that increased tolerance and dependence can develop.

REDUCE THE RISKS

• DON’T TAKE IT. NO RISKS - GUARANTEED!

But if you are going to use Methoxetamine, the following tips will help you reduce some of the risks.

• START LOW AND SLOW

Take a small amount and wait. Don’t take more because you can’t feel anything happening after half an hour or so. Yes, it could be some blag white powder or pill, or even a completely different substance, but how do you know? Give it time to start. Taking too much too soon could put you on a bad one. Learn to recognise, and handle, the effects.

• SET LIMITS

Decide how much you are going to take and stick to it. Only carry what you are going to use. The less you take, the lower the risks.

• DON’T MIX WITH OTHER DRUGS

Mixing other drugs with Methoxetamine, particularly alcohol, is dangerous. The combination can affect your breathing, heart rate and blood pressure, and can have a greater effect than when used on their own.

• DON’T SNORT IT

Snorting Methoxetamine is painful and damaging to the nose. Swallowing the powder wrapped in a cigarette paper, will avoid damaging your nose.

• LOOK AFTER YOUR NOSE

If you do snort, flush your nose with clean water, and make sure you use your own straw or note. Don’t share them with       anyone else; they could have all kinds of germs on them.

• LOOK OUT FOR EACH OTHER

Don’t use Methoxetamine on your own, or in an unfamiliar or unsafe environment. It is always safer to have someone else around, and tell your mates what you have taken.

• IF SOMEONE STARTS TO FEEL UNWELL

If someone starts to feel unwell, take them to a chill-out area and take a break. Stay with them and keep an eye on them. If they start to feel worse, getting dizzy or experiencing a racing heart, get medical attention immediately and tell the medics what they have taken. If you are with someone who has taken the knock and you have to leave them alone in order to get help, put them in the recovery position first.

You can buy printed versions of this information in the Substance shop

Go to shop

Buy the Snort Swallow resource

Shop...

SNORTING DRUGS

When you Snort drugs, they are absorbed via nasal membranes into the bloodstream, then to the brain, where effects begin quickly.

The effects start quicker, are more intense and end sooner than swallowed drugs, with a harsher comedown.

Snorting constricts nose blood vessels, reducing oxygen and causing mucus (snot) production, felt as a throat drip and runny nose.

The more you snort, the more snot is produced, and less drug is absorbed. The more you snort, the less effective it becomes!

The risks

• Snorting stimulant-type drugs restrict the flow of blood to the inside of the nose. Restricting blood flow, plus the corrosive qualities of the drug or what it‘s cut with, can lead to nose bleeds and permanent damage to the inside of the nose.

• Irritation, damage and bleeding inside the nose means sharing any snorting tube makes it easier to pass on viruses, such as hepatitis C. It only needs a microscopic amount of blood, too small to be seen by the naked eye, on the end of a tube to transmit a virus from one person to another.

• Certain substances, particularly some new and emerging drugs that use corrosive chemicals in their preparation, can be particularly damaging to the nose and should not be snorted. 

• Some drugs can have completely different effects, with a small difference in the amount you use. Dose is easy to get wrong when snorting and can lead to unwanted and dangerous results.

Reduce the risks

• Flush your nose with water after each session or line. It will help reduce the harm caused by the corrosive effects of the drugs.

• Use a nasal spray or cup some water in your hands, snort the water, and then blow your nose.

• Powder chopped as fine as possible will cause less damage to the nose and is easier to absorb.

• Don‘t share snorting tubes or bank notes. Use your own and stick to it, or use the end of a key or your finger.

SWALLOWING DRUGS (bombing)

Swallowing drugs is probably the simplest and oldest method of taking drugs.

The drug is absorbed through the lining of the stomach and small intestine and then enters the bloodstream. The blood then carries the drug through the liver, where some is eliminated before passing through the heart and onto the brain.

Swallowing means the drug‘s effects may not be felt for up to 45 minutes, depending on stomach contents.

Powdered drugs are usually wrapped in tissue paper before being swallowed, known as bombing or parachuting. Alternatively, the powder could be added to a hot drink and swallowed.

The risks

• Drugs take time to digest. If you consume more before they take effect, there's a risk of taking too much, leading to overdose.
• Some stimulants can reduce blood flow to the gut, potentially causing ulcers or perforations.
• Over time, excessive drug use can harm the stomach, intestines, liver, and kidneys. If you have liver issues, it's especially crucial to avoid drugs.

Reduce the risks

• Reduce the risks by starting with a low dose and being patient. Don't take more if you don't feel immediate effects, as drugs can vary in strength or contain other substances you're not aware of.
• Consuming food before taking drugs can help mitigate potential stomach damage.
• Liquids like GBL can harm the throat, so always dilute them before use. Certain liquids, such as poppers, shouldn't be swallowed.

Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust

DRD Co-ordinator (Aberdeenshire)

Life+

What’s in this booklet?

For many people, having a drink with friends is one of life’s pleasures. However, for others, drinking can lead to a variety of problems

This is because they drink too much, too often. Alternatively, they may drink too much in one session and risk harming themselves or people around them.

In this booklet, we will follow the drinking habits of Lucy, Danny, Warren, Anna and Billy, consider their drinking patterns and if they need to make any changes. The Drinker’s Stories can help you assess own drinking habits and help you make decisions about your alcohol use.

Use the drinks diary on the inside back page to record the number of alcoholic drinks you have throughout the week. Work out the total number of units you drink, and decide if you would benefit from cutting down.

You can also use the techniques in the six-step plan to help you cut down on the amount of alcohol you drink. 

Drinker’s Stories

In the first drinker stories, we are going to follow the drinking habits and problems of Lucy, Danny, Warren, Anna and Billy. 

Lucy

Lucy is 18 years old and studying Leisure & Tourism at her local college. Lucy has a flat where she lives with her 18-month-old daughter, Britney. Lucy’s mum loves minding Britney when Lucy goes out and does a lot of childcare for her.
Lucy has lots of friends who enjoy meeting in bars and nightclubs at weekends.

Danny

Danny is 19, unemployed and still lives at home with his parents.
He and his mates often pass the time by drinking lager, and also enjoy Friday nights when they get completely bladdered.

Warren

Warren is 41 years-old and is a maintenance man for a gas company. Warren is married and has three children aged 7, 9 and 11.
Warren will go out for a few pints a couple of times in the week. About once a month he will spend Saturday with the lads, watching the match in the afternoon and then he carries on drinking all day and into the evening.

Anna

Anna is 34 years old and is a marketing consultant for a PR company.
She is very ambitious and tends to work long hours. Anna lives with her boyfriend. She likes red wine.

Billy

Billy is 62 years old and began drinking heavily about 20 years ago.
Billy drinks super-strength cider and beer or sherry. He decides what to drink when he sees what special offers the corner supermarket has on. 

Units of alcohol

So, how do you know if you are drinking too much, too often? Firstly, you need to work out how many units you usually drink.

The amount of alcohol in a drink is measured in units. Different drinks contain different numbers of units. Different types of alcoholic drinks will have different amounts of units, which will determine their strength. You can calculate the amount of alcohol in any drink if you know the quantity of liquid and the percentage of alcohol it contains, this information is usually on a label stuck to the back of the packaging

We know you may not remember a formula when you are having a drink* so we have given a guide to the number of units contained in some popular drinks, on the facing page.

Work out the units in your drinks.

*If you can’t find your favourite drink, here is the formula so you to work it out for yourself:

Units = Volume (ml) x % alcohol (abv) / 1000

A guide to the number of units in some popular drinks

How many units are too much?

It is known that the risks from alcohol start from any level of regular drinking and rise with the amount consumed.

In 2016 new alcohol guidelines, were set by the Department of Health. The guidelines recommend that both women and men should not regularly drink more than 14 units a week to keep health risks from alcohol low.

They have been set at this level to keep the risk of mortality from cancers or other diseases “low”.

If you do choose to drink that amount, it’s best to spread your drinking evenly over three or more days. If you wish to cut down on the amount you are drinking, a good way to do this is to have several drink-free days per week.

Alcohol and your health

Cancer

Scientists have found that cancers are more common in people who regularly drink, with risk increasing the more you drink.

Heart

Although there is evidence that suggests drinking within the guidelines - for certain groups of people - may have a small protective effect on the heart, this can be cancelled out by the increased risk of other illnesses.

Pregnancy

Alcohol can increase the risk of miscarriage, low birth weight and developmental problems. It is not clear how much alcohol if any, it is OK to drink while you are pregnant. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant it is safer to leave alcohol alone.

Weight gain

Alcohol is packed with calories, a pint of beer can have the same calories as a slice of pizza, and a glass of wine as much as a cake, add that to the alcohol munchies and your waistline is only going one way.

Drinker’s Stories

Lucy

Lucy will usually have three bottles of alcopops when she goes out twice in the week. At the weekend she will drink a half bottle of wine and up to 8 alcopops in a night.

Total: 46 units a week.

Over three times the recommended levels.

Danny

Danny will drink up to three cans of strong lager a day. At weekends he will pool money with friends and drink a quarter bottle of vodka before going to the pub drinking up to six pints of normal lager.

Total: 67 units a week.

Over four and a half times the recommended levels.

Warren

Warren will drink at least three to four pints of lager each night in the pub. If Warren is having a Saturday ‘session’ he can drink up to 15 pints of lager (plus a gram of cocaine).

Total: 78 units a week.

Over five times the recommended levels.

Anna

Anna drinks a bottle of wine at least four nights during the week. At weekends she may drink two or more bottles of wine.

Total 48 – 64 units a week.

Over four times the recommended levels.

Billy

Billy drinks at least four cans of super-strength cider or beer, or a bottle of sherry, every day.

Total: 16 – 25 units a day, every day.

This means he drinks up to 112 units a week. Eight times the recommended levels.

What are the benefits of cutting down on drinking?

If you drink above the recommended limits, you may have already experienced problems such as tiredness, gaining weight, hangovers or sometimes not being able to remember what you did the night before.

Overall, you won’t be in the best of physical shape. If you continue drinking at harmful levels you can develop more severe problems such as high blood pressure, brain damage and liver disease.

Alcohol affects judgement and the ability to control impulses. This can lead you to do things that you wouldn’t normally do when sober. You can embarrass yourself or others after drinking too much, have regretted sexual encounters or have arguments and fights.

Drinker’s stories

Lucy

Problems Lucy has had recently

Lucy has had a fair few regrettable incidents in the last few months. She has been leaving the bars and clubs with men she had just met. She has also been getting into arguments with other girls inside clubs and on the street, mostly about boys. She has been arrested and cautioned for assault and public disorder offences. Lucy has been called to appear in court on a charge of assault and affray.

Why Lucy decided to cut down on her drinking 

For Lucy’s mum, this was the final straw and she told her that she will not be used as a free babysitter any more while Lucy goes out and gets drunk. Also, Lucy has had to tell people at her college what has happened and ask for a character reference, which they didn’t want to do. Lucy decided to stop keeping up with friends on a Saturday night and drank less, she found she enjoyed dancing in a club just as much, and for the first time in ages can remember getting home (alone).

Danny

Problems Danny has had recently

Danny’s benefits, most of which are spent on lager, means he often asks his mum for loans or to buy him clothes, causing big rows at home.

Danny meets a gang of friends in the city centre most nights where he will drink cans and smoke weed. He often gets into trouble with the police and he has recently been in court for breaking into a newsagents.

Why Danny decided to cut down on his drinking

Danny’s mother has had enough and tells him he has to leave home. After spending a couple of weeks staying at mate’s houses, Danny found he had nowhere to go.

Danny had to ask a support agency for housing advice. He is now in his first flat and on a training scheme. Danny hasn’t got the money to drink like he used to because he needs to pay his rent and bus fares. Danny is determined not to mess up this time.

Warren

Problems Warren has had recently

Warren was looking forward to his monthly Saturday session. However he has found that he can’t handle it like he used to, and by the end of the night he was feeling tired, confused and irritable. After waiting an hour for a taxi home, Warren had to take a pee in a shop doorway.

Unfortunately, a police officer was passing by and gave Warren a caution, which he didn’t take well. He was arrested and spent the night in the cells.

Why Warren decided to cut down on his drinking   

Waking up in police cells on a Sunday morning was humiliating. Going home and explaining to his wife and kids where he had been was even worse. He had the added worry of people at work finding out he had been arrested.

Warren knows that this was a wake-up call and that his Saturday sessions had to be brought under control.

Realising that trying to explain to the lads that he was going to lay off the all day sessions was going to get him some stick from his mates, he made the decision to watch the match at his local pub instead, and then go home.

Anna

Problems Anna has had recently

Anna recently went for drinks on a Friday, straight from work after a very hard week. The bar near work had a deal where buying two glasses of wine meant you got the rest of the bottle free. She started off drinking with people from work but over the evening they left, Anna was too drunk to care and was talking to strangers. Anna can’t remember the last two hours she was out; nothing at all. The police picked up Anna off the street where she was sitting and crying, she couldn’t remember where she lived and had trouble standing – she had also lost her bag and coat.

Why Anna decided to cut down on her drinking 

Anna sobered up while she was being interviewed by a female police officer about what had happened to her. She wasn’t charged but was cautioned about her behaviour while waiting for her boyfriend to come and pick her up.

Anna has realised that she drinks every evening out of habit more than enjoyment. Anna thought that drinking helped her relax at the end of the day. She didn’t have a drink for a week and by the end realised she hadn’t slept so well for a long time and feels like she has much more energy. Anna now goes home straight after work on a Friday night.

Billy

Problems Billy has had recently

Billy is lonely. He lost contact with his old friends and family years ago when his drinking took over his life. Billy lost his home years ago and stays at a hostel.

Why Billy decided to cut down on his drinking  

Billy was asleep in a doorway and was set upon by some men. Billy was badly hurt and was in hospital for a week. He decided to talk to someone about his drinking and get help. He is seeing an alcohol counsellor and has not had a drink for a few weeks. He is beginning to look at the future for the first time in years.

Should you cut down or stop?

Most people who drink too much just need to cut down. Others will need to stop completely. It is important that you think about how alcohol is affecting you and the people around you:

1. Do you drink more than 9 units in one session on a regular basis?
2. Have you acted out of character because of your drinking habits (eg. Missed work/college, or broken promises)?
3. Have people close to you expressed concern or anger about the amount you drink?
4. Have you caused injury to yourself or others after drinking?

If you can answer “yes” to any of these questions it could mean that you should cut-down your drinking. You can follow the six-step plan given in this booklet.

If you can answer “yes” to three or more questions, you should contact your local services and get advice, help and support before you cut down or stop drinking. The contact details for your local services can be found at the back of this booklet.

Will cutting down on drinking be difficult?

For many, drinking has become a habit. If you change your routine and do different things you will find you don’t crave alcohol as much as you thought you would. When you are cutting down or stopping drinking, support from family or friends can be of great help.

However, if you are used to drinking regularly you may have a strong desire to drink alcohol. You should talk to someone at your local alcohol service and they can help you plan for a change in lifestyle.

Try the six-step plan for changing your drinking habits.

After reading this far you know quite a lot about the effects of alcohol and the problems it can cause to your health and your personal life.

In the following pages of this booklet. We have laid out a six-step plan, which can help you cut down on the amount of alcohol you drink.

Step 1

Identify good reasons for changing your drinking habits

Deciding on good reasons for changing your drinking habits will help you to succeed.  What we mean by a “good” reason is one that makes sense to you.  Right, now think of some good reasons for changing your habits.  

There are dozens of good reasons to change your drinking habits, they will be different for each person.  For example,

• more time for things you’ve always wanted to do
• save a lot of money and be able to spend it on other things you enjoy
• more energy
• lose weight
• less likely to have arguments with those around you
• less likely to develop serious health problems such as liver disease

Step 2

Set your goals

Having a plan for changing your drinking means you need to set goals to work towards.  Pick a day when you are going to start your plan and set your daily drinking goals each week.  

The next thing to do is to keep a record of your drinking – this will help you work out whether you are meeting your goals and staying on track.  The main thing to remember if you don’t meet your goals is to keep on trying and to work out strategies to help you in the future. 

Step 3

Recognise difficult times

No matter how much you want to change your drinking habits there will be times when you’ll find it difficult.  These are known as high-risk times.

Stop and think for a moment about the last few times you drank too much.  Where were you and what were you feeling?

The following is a list of common high-risk times.  You can use this list to help you think about your own high-risk times.  In the next section we will get you to think of ways of coping with these situations.

• after work
• when I am out celebrating at a party or a club
• when I have had a really difficult day at work or looking after the children
• when I want to relax
• when I feel lonely or depressed

Step 4 

Deal with difficult times

You now have a list of the hardest times for you – so you’ve already worked out when you are most likely to drink. Now you have to work out how to deal with those difficult situations – without a drink in your hand.

Ways of coping with difficult times:

• avoid going to the pub after work – perhaps arrange
  a different social activity, e.g. jogging, night class, new hobby.
• avoid friends who drink heavily
• plan activities or tasks at those times that you usually drink
• when you’re bored or stressed have a physical workout or go for a walk instead of drinking
• eat a meal before drinking, it will make you feel more full and then you’ll drink less
• remind yourself that the craving for the drink will go if you occupy yourself with something else
• avoid drinking in “shouts” or “rounds”
• dilute your drink e.g., add soda to wine and mixers to spirits
• practise your reasons for refusing alcoholic drinks

Step 5  

Find someone to support you

This plan is all about changing your habits.  Some people find it easier to change a habit if they have someone to help them.  This person could be your partner/friend or someone at work who also wants to change their habits.

Your support person should be someone you can talk to easily, be honest with, and can ask for advice when you need it.

If you are very worried about the effects of drinking on your health, your GP or nurse can help you.  There are also special alcohol counsellors for this reason and telephone numbers are listed on the last page of this booklet.

Step 6   

Stick to your goals

Drinking alcohol is an enjoyable part of many people’s lives – a habit that they’d feel lost without.  This type of habit is hard to break.  However, the information you’ve written down in this booklet will help you. 

REMEMBER; Every time you stop yourself from doing something by habit, you are one step nearer to breaking the habit altogether.

Your Weekly Drink Diary

Use this page to record the alcoholic drinks you have throughout the week. To work out your total units, see the unit guide on page 7.

Getting Help

If you feel your drinking is getting out of hand, consider talking to someone. Maybe a close friend, family, or a local advice project.

Here are some organisations that can also help you:

Talk to Frank

National drugs and alcohol awareness site

0800 77 66 00
www.talktofrank.com 

Alcohol Concern

Alcohol Concern is the national agency on alcohol misuse campaigning for effective alcohol policy and improved services for people whose lives are affected by alcohol-related problems.

Addaction

UK - wide treatment agency, helping individuals, families and communities to manage the effects of drug and alcohol misuse.

www.addaction.org.uk

www.drinkaware.co.uk

Drinkaware aims to increase awareness and understanding of the role of alcohol in society, enabling individuals to make informed choices about their drinking and helps people who are concerned about their own or someone else’s drinking.

0800 917 8282
www.drinkaware.co.uk

You can buy printed versions of this information in the Substance shop

Go to shop